There is fast, and then there is what JCB Hydromax achieved with its hydrogen-powered car Tuesday.
The twin-engined, 32-foot car completed two runs at the Bonneville Salt Flats, recording an average speed of 400.623 mph in its first run, and going 412.135 mph on its second run.
The average speed of 406.320 mph set the world land speed record and is the fastest a hydrogen-powered internal combustion car has ever traveled, shattering the previous mark of 185.5 mph set by the BMW H2R in 2004.
The record is subject to official confirmation by the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA).
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Wing Commander Andy Green, who drove the car, called the record an "extraordinary" engineering achievement.
"This is the first of a new breed. They have created a new class at Bonneville Speed Week for hydrogen racing, the internal combustion engine. And it's not only a new class, but it's also blown every other hydrogen car out of the water with this record," Green told Fox News Digital in a recent interview.
Green said the process to get a car up to 400 mph normally takes about three to five years. JCB Hydromax had its first design meeting just over a year ago.
"JCB, by comparison, just over a year ago, sat down for their first design meeting with their project team to work out how they were going to do this," Green said.
"They had nine months to design and manufacture components. They built the car in five weeks, tested it for three weeks in the U.K. and then came straight to Bonneville with the aim of setting a record on their first visit in a brand new car using new technology, which these hydrogen engines they're running.
"They were running them at a perfect fuel ratio, which no one had ever built for a hydrogen engine. This is unique technology."
Green said the professionals who do this year in and year out thought it would take a few visits over five or six years to achieve the feat.
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"Instead of five or six years, they did it in five or six days," Green said.
The esteemed driver praised the team’s work in putting it together considering the process of achieving 400 mph is an arduous one.
Engine development presented plenty of problems for the engineers to work around, including being 6,000 to 7,000 feet above sea level and dealing with temperatures of 100 to 105 degrees at the Bonneville Salt Flats.
Packaging such a high-energy engine output in a small space also creates cooling problems. To combat that, the car was equipped with about 400 pounds of ice and water to cool not only the engines but also the air being sucked in and turbocharged.
The hydrogen engines cannot run with hot air, because, with hot air, the hydrogen "will go bang straight away."
"It’s a small angry molecule that loves to burn," Green said.
However, if the water seeps into the crevices of the engine and mixes with the engine oil, it will destroy the bearings and the engine in just a few seconds.
To counteract that, the oil needs to be heated so that when the water inevitably hits it, the water will boil and evaporate right away. Yet, the oil can’t be so hot that it is overheated.
After about a week of testing, it was determined the oil needed to be heated to about 180 degrees Fahrenheit.
Just as important as hitting top speed is making sure the car stops safely. The parachute system is paramount to slowing the car safely and is unique to the car. It plays a massive role in slowing down a 5,500-pound car going 400 mph.
After ensuring everything was correct, Green said the team got the exact result it was looking for.
"All of those things came together. Today, we went away from Wendover towards Salt Lake City," Green said. "It had done an average through the measured mile of 400 miles an hour. It's exactly what we were aiming for as a minimum. Then did the full turnaround."
After doing a full body check and replacing the tires because they get exceptionally hot at those speeds, the team felt confident about pushing the car a little further because everything went so well on the first run.
"This is the most power we've ever run, the most speed we've ever run. Eased up another 20 mph. We got, I think it was 412 miles an hour the other way. An average, which,subject to confirmation, is a new world record for a hydrogen car, 406 mph. Absolutely amazing achievement," Green said.
The time it took to complete the measured mile was just under nine seconds. The track is 105 feet wide, and Green said he was gently steering the "beast" of a car down the track.
"You can do 70 to 80 miles an hour on the interstate. So, it's five or six times faster than that. It's fast. It has the weird effect that the track is 105 feet wide, and there's marker boards a quarter mile down each side. So, the marker boards as you're looking in the distance at the marker boards, and they come to get at you about a second away or two seconds away. But as you accelerate, you need to look further and further and further in the distance," Green said.
"The marker boards that you're looking at now are much, much closer together and coming at you much faster. It actually makes the track look narrower and narrower and narrower as you go faster. It's quite a weird visual effect, but it's very powerful."
On the second run, Green was more concerned about slowing down the car because the faster it went, the longer it took to stop.
"And, on both occasions, the car stopped right there into the track exactly as we planned," Green said.
For Green, going fast is common. He discovered the world of driving at supersonic speeds through a press release, and his day job gave him the perfect background for it.
"I've been lucky enough to have as a career working in the military as a jet fighter pilot in the U.K., in the Royal Air Force. So, world's best day job flying jet fighters," Green said.
"I don't pretend to be Tom Cruise. Tom Cruise pretends to be me. It's that kind of job. It's one of those, ‘Do they really pay me to do this?’ It's fantastic."
So, when Green saw a press launch for a new project for the land-speed record, he thought with his background he’d be perfect for the task.
"(In) college, I did math, that was very much my thing, so I'm very much into the science of how these things work. And then, since then, I've been flying supersonic vehicles, and I look at this, and that's not really a racing driver's job. Not at those speeds, that's more, ‘Where are you going to get somebody that is qualified to understand and drive a supersonic vehicle powered by jet engines?’ That would be my day job," Green said.
"The more I looked at it, the more fascinating a technical challenge it became to work out how we were going to do this."
In 1997, Green set the world land-speed record, reaching 763.035 mph, and became the first and only person to break the sound barrier on land. The record still stands today.
What makes Green excited is that today’s technology is the beginning of a new era in motorsport.
"It's actually showcasing the genuine zero-carbon technology of the future," Green said.
"This is, you know, you can make hydrogen from sunlight and water, put it in a race car and do 400 miles an hour. That's an exciting future for motorsport."
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